How complex
systems hold
together.

This programme studies how sourcing choices, transport routes, capacity commitments and information interact under disruption. It follows the dependence hidden behind apparently different suppliers, the constraints on contingency capacity and the decisions that turn alternatives into usable options.

The practical concern is how to evaluate resilience before a shortfall, across trade networks, energy procurement, nearshoring and critical-mineral supply.

Voting procedures, delegated authority and the separation of duties leave a deeper question: who can change the conditions under which decisions are made? My research examines configuration authority, coalition influence and the relationship between operational control and legal responsibility.

It connects institutional design with accounting, finance and private law, asking how the structure of a system creates duties, distributes authority and exposes participants to risk.

New technology changes the range of things people and organisations can do. Access, price and institutional judgment affect which of those possibilities can be realised. This programme examines unequal access to AI, the evaluation of radical innovation and the economic conditions surrounding adoption.

It brings questions of productivity and opportunity together with a difficult problem for innovation: how to assess a capability that challenges the standards used to judge it.

This programme examines blockchain and the wider technologies that support digital infrastructure. It brings together distributed systems, cryptographic verification, computation, storage and incentives, with research on consensus, network propagation, scaling and digital payments.

The central question is how technical capabilities become dependable systems. The work connects architectural choices to resource constraints, transaction costs, coordination and the practical demands of reliable operation at scale.

A file can be copied without leaving its sender. A transferable digital good presents a harder question: can the recipient acquire exclusive effective control while the sender loses the ability to exercise that same control? This programme makes the distinction between information, access and possession its starting point.

The research brings property theory, economics and security engineering together. It examines attested extinguishment of a sender’s control state, the incentives of those who attest to a transfer, and the allocation of responsibility when retained access or hidden copies cannot be ruled out.

Its scope is precise: demonstrable divestment within a stated system and trust boundary. An attestation does not establish that every external copy of information has vanished. The challenge is to identify what is actually scarce, what can be verified and which residual risks require economic incentives or legal accountability.

This is a distinct research programme from Teranode and transaction scaling. Its central concern is the integrity and meaning of possession and transfer, with potential applications to digital goods, transferable access and controlled-use capabilities.

The mathematical programme examines graph structures, operators, probability and formal methods. It is concerned with the relationship between a representation, the assumptions it encodes and the conclusions that can legitimately be drawn from it.

This provides a formal counterpart to the applied programmes: making structures explicit, distinguishing different kinds of dependence and developing methods that can be extended to new problems.

Money, debt and credit reveal how people coordinate long before modern financial systems. My historical research examines commercial and institutional arrangements, including credit and obligation in medieval and early modern London.

It asks how lending, enforcement and reputation organised exchange, and how changes in those arrangements altered the possibilities for trade and cooperation.

This programme explores belief, trait expression and social influence, including behaviour in financial and online communities. Psychological measurement is central: what a response captures, how a construct is defined and how context affects interpretation.

The research connects questions about individual judgment with the social settings in which beliefs are expressed, reinforced and acted upon.

My work in mathematical physics uses geometry to investigate physical descriptions and their approximations. Research in relativistic kinetic theory examines the transition towards hydrodynamics through the structure of the space of possible states.

The published moment-manifold work gives this question a concrete setting: a Fisher–Rao geometry within a specified kinetic-theory model, with explicitly stated assumptions.