Research articles
Original accounts of the problems behind the papers, how the research addresses them and why the connections between disciplines matter.
Computer science · Security assessment · Evidence
A procedure with fewer standalone findings can add more after an earlier assessment. Public audit research motivates a concrete comparison of overlap, complementary coverage and the faults every method misses.
Read the articleComputer science · DNS · Operational security
A signed DNS answer can remain usable after the authoritative record changes. Cache lifetimes, signature expiry and serve-stale behaviour determine what a service can promise during a transition.
Read the article9 November 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Escrow & local authority
Unused allowance can remain beyond a broken connection while legitimate requests are refused. Bounded counters, safe reallocation and the location of demand change the economics of a scarce digital right.
Read the articleAI · Scientific evidence · Bayesian reasoning
Five papers need not contain five independent observations. A hypothetical Bayesian calculation shows why research systems must retain the dependencies behind their evidence.
Read the article8 November 2026 · BSV · Recovery & competition
A threshold of shares does not guarantee independent recovery paths. Optional BSV backup services need credible authentication, supplier-exit arrangements and a clear boundary between restoring a key and restoring the work.
Read the article8 November 2026 · Security measurement · Research methods
An incident percentage can rise while each class of system improves. An explicit comparison separates changes in exposure mix from measured outcomes and the response workload a business still faces.
Read the article7 November 2026 · BSV · Permission & accountability
A real user decision and a lost permission prompt can look like the same delay. Voluntary wallet standards can make the difference testable while leaving independent BSV suppliers responsible for their own implementations.
Read the article7 November 2026 · Economics · AI · Institutional choice
A model can discover better ways to meet a goal while the choice of goal remains open to dispute. Newly published research connects Hayek’s knowledge problem to the objectives and institutions behind AI deployment.
Read the article6 November 2026 · BSV · Signing scope & responsibility
A correct signature can leave transaction fields open to change. Explicit signing scopes, independent implementations and immutable signing contexts connect BSV’s common rules to the payment a customer actually authorises.
Read the article6 November 2026 · Security economics · Risk measurement
Two contracts can make equal expected payments while leaving different losses uncovered. Public research on software-risk markets motivates a test of the match between a contractual trigger and the customer’s exposure.
Read the article5 November 2026 · BSV · Decentralisation · Signing security
A signature can verify while the signer has lost its secret. Deterministic ECDSA, hierarchical keys and independent testing expose the responsibilities that fixed BSV validity rules leave with each service provider.
Read the article5 November 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Exchange costs & commitment
An exchange can preserve the payment and still impose costs before the other party commits. Failed attempts, capacity reservations and changing rules belong in the economics of a scarce digital entitlement.
Read the article5 November 2026 · Distributed systems · Service performance
A complete answer can miss its deadline even when each component is usually fast. Fan-out, shared delays and additional attempts change the evidence behind a scalable service promise.
Read the article4 November 2026 · BSV · Decentralisation · Registry dependence
Optional metadata can become a compulsory dependency. BSV registry proposals make the boundary between description, permission and supplier choice explicit; the useful test is what happens when the directory disappears.
Read the article3 November 2026 · Electronic cash · Property & state power
Addresses are not independent control points. Craig Wright examines state power, mining concentration and why low-cost, widespread cash use changes the economics of intervention without guaranteeing immunity.
Read the article3 November 2026 · BSV · Workload & service responsibility
BSV suppliers can compete on price and architecture while preserving fixed validity rules. Workload composition, admission and incomplete evaluation make capacity claims meaningful.
Read the article3 November 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Expiry & service design
BSV gives digital permissions a common chain reference. Height and time locks, variable block intervals and service-level expiry must be connected without confusing ten-minute target spacing with clock accuracy.
Read the article2 November 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Version identity · Commerce
A limited permission needs a stable account of its object, terms and update rules. Content hashes and provenance can help identify a version without proving authority, ownership or service delivery.
Read the article2 November 2026 · BSV · Decentralisation · Scaling responsibility
Restoring a process does not clear the work accumulated during an interruption. Independent BSV services should compete on evidenced recovery under continuing demand, not only peak throughput.
Read the article1 November 2026 · Supply chains · Demand observation · Inventory
Completed sales can conceal demand when shelves are empty. Public research on stockout timing and order amplification shows why supply-chain records must preserve their observation boundaries.
Read the article1 November 2026 · BSV · Decentralisation · Payment evidence
A payment receipt should distinguish ancestry, completed checks and unknown outcomes. Voluntary evidence formats can support competing BSV services without turning their limits into base rules.
Read the article31 October 2026 · Software markets · Security · Evidence
Security work competes with visible product features. Published research on software markets motivates a separate question: what evidence lets a buyer recognise and reward the protection being offered?
Read the article31 October 2026 · BSV · Decentralisation · Signing architecture
Hierarchical keys organise authority, but the compromise boundary depends on derivation, signer isolation and recovery. BSV leaves room to compete on those choices and responsibility for the promises made.
Read the article30 October 2026 · BSV · Decentralisation · Engineering
A concrete BRC-100 documentation correction opens a practical question: how can independent implementations resolve disagreements without turning a reference library into compulsory architecture?
Read the article29 October 2026 · Bitcoin · Open standards · Engineering
BRC-100, ElectrumSVP and SPV offer different interfaces, services and verification boundaries. Standards can make cooperation easier without making alternative architectures forbidden.
Read the article29 October 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Delegation · Commerce
A narrower credential can appoint another user without surrendering the purchaser’s authority. Public research connects delegated permissions, actor identity and the shared allowance behind a digital service.
Read the article28 October 2026 · Physics · Information geometry · Model validation
Equal density, average velocity and kinetic energy can conceal different heat fluxes. Public research connects moment closure to the information a model must retain for its intended prediction.
Read the article27 October 2026 · Smart contracts · Evidence · Service design
Several signed reports can repeat one mistaken observation. Public smart-contract research connects conditional execution to source dependence, provenance and the evidence needed before an automated action.
Read the article25 October 2026 · Payments · Economics · Service design
Spreading a fixed charge across purchases can reduce direct fees. A timing calculation and public settlement research show which waits and funding commitments belong in the comparison.
Read the article24 October 2026 · AI · Data governance · System design
A removal request arrives after learning. Public research connects the original training architecture, retraining costs and adaptive requests to the assurance a service can provide.
Read the article23 October 2026 · AI · Education · Measurement
Detector results depend on the language, task and population tested. Contrasting primary studies show why validation must travel with an assessment decision.
Read the article22 October 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Recovery · Digital commerce
An authentic backup can revive an authority that a transfer had extinguished. Public research connects state continuity, fork detection and accountable recovery to the economics of scarce digital services.
Read the article21 October 2026 · Quantum computing · Measurement · Engineering
A faster routine can leave the complete task slower. A public mini-review connects quantum algorithms to preparation, repeated measurements, verification and the evidence needed for practical advantage.
Read the article20 October 2026 · Security · Economics · Incentives
A control can reduce total expected losses while looking uneconomic to its purchaser. Public research connects security investment to the allocation of costs, benefits and responsibility.
Read the article19 October 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Transparency · Digital commerce
An authentic entitlement can coexist with too many competing claims. Public research connects auditable issuance, outstanding obligations and institutional commitment to the supply side of digital scarcity.
Read the article19 October 2026 · Security · Human factors · Incident response
A repeatable procedure can preserve necessary questions under pressure. Published incident-response research connects checklists to expert judgment, interruption, handover and the evidence needed to evaluate a decision.
Read the article18 October 2026 · Security · Storage · Verification
A successful erasure message needs a defined scope. Published forensic research, SSD experiments and current sanitisation guidance connect storage architecture to the evidence required for a defensible release decision.
Read the article16 October 2026 · Mathematics · Traffic flow · Control
A queue can form without a fixed obstruction. Public research connects delayed vehicle-following responses with the growth of disturbances, while ring-road experiments show what carefully controlled interventions can change.
Read the article15 October 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Privacy · Digital commerce
A limited entitlement need not expose every fact used to establish eligibility. Public standards and institutional research connect blinded authorisation, issuing policy and privacy to the design of digital commerce.
Read the article15 October 2026 · Computing · Economics · Security design
Committee size consumes a security budget as well as distributing responsibility. Public research separates the exact integer choice from a smooth approximation and asks what additional protection each participant buys.
Read the article14 October 2026 · Econometrics · Policy evaluation · Research design
A policy-effect chart can mix different groups and stages of exposure. Public research connects adoption timing, comparison choices and trend assumptions to what an event study can establish.
Read the article13 October 2026 · Econometrics · Forecasting · Decision design
A closer forecast can cross the wrong decision boundary. A public preprint connects calibration to trading costs, feasible choices and the consequences of acting on a prediction.
Read the article12 October 2026 · Digital Scarcity · Distributed systems · Economics
A genuine entitlement can reach two accepting services at once. Public research and standards show why scarce redemption depends on current authority, coordinated consumption and recoverable delivery.
Read the article11 October 2026 · Software engineering · Economics · Security
Implementation is only part of the job. Published research on in-house software development connects productivity to debugging, maintenance and the further work a repair can create.
Read the article10 October 2026 · Security · Statistics · Audit
An incident and its discovery have different clocks. Public research on system auditing connects incomplete observation, inspection choices and the economic use of security resources.
Read the article9 October 2026 · Computing · Economics · Law
A pool’s available computing power depends on contributors who can leave. Published research connects payout performance, conditional enforcement and the capacity a coalition can sustain.
Read the article8 October 2026 · Law · Securities · Governance
Lost keys, provider failure and lawful corrections test whether recorded ownership remains usable. My SEC comment proposes recovery tests for the complete securities-register arrangement.
Read the article7 October 2026 · Computing · Networks · Measurement
Historical Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash samples reveal short routes and uneven connectivity. The research examines how network structure is measured and which further evidence is needed to explain it.
Read the article6 October 2026 · Computing · Probability · Incentives
The next hash, the next difficulty adjustment, a maturing reward and a growing chain run on different clocks. Published research examines which parts of that history a security model must retain.
Read the articleFinancial intermediation · Supply chains · Public finance
A public receipt can reach a financier, an old supplier or current activity in different orders. Research identifies when that priority leaves allocation unchanged and when it changes the best recipient.
Read the articlePsychology · Communication · Qualitative methods
Recognition, questions about evidence and competing causal accounts shape responses to a generational narrative. A qualitative study follows the reasons behind a divided comment sample.
Read the articlePolitical economy · Institutions · Measurement
A theoretical boundary, a national percentage and a bend in a graph can describe different things. Research audits the connection between coercive institutions and the measures used to study them.
Read the articlePsychology · Measurement · Evidence synthesis
Who supplied the outcome, which items were asked, and whose samples were compared? A reanalysis makes those design choices central to interpreting personality research.
Read the articleMathematics · Econometrics · Measurement
A stopping rule can preserve identifying information at an average cost of two calls, yet leave crucial histories extremely rare. Research separates economical acquisition from useful precision.
Read the articleAccounting · Supply chains · Measurement
Deleting voluntarily disclosed customer relationships can change both the population and its measured concentration. Research uses a reporting boundary to make that selection visible.
Read the articlePsychology · Mathematics · Evidence synthesis
A precise coefficient can sit close to a sign reversal. Research gives that distance a simple form and connects it to the measurements and study populations beneath a pooled comparison.
Read the articleAncient history · Diplomacy · Commitment
Proving peaceful intent may require surrendering a position that makes you safe. Research on Rome and Antiochus III examines how this conflict can turn repeated negotiations into accumulating suspicion.
Read the articleEconomic history · Law · Accounting
A medieval lawsuit can begin with a debt and end with a release that defeats it. Following the record changes how we reconstruct lenders, obligations and the administration of business.
Read the articleEducation · AI · Procedural fairness
Faithful transcription and machine-generated reasoning can produce similarly polished documents. Published research asks how assessment rules and workflow evidence can distinguish the intellectual contribution.
Read the articleAI · Law · Institutional design
The same training material can be protected expression and personal information. Published research examines how governance can coordinate those interests across the model’s life.
Read the articlePhysics · Mathematics · Information geometry
How can a statistical ruler help examine a fluid approximation? Published research connects moment states, transport and curvature within a controlled relativistic kinetic model.
Read the articlePayment engineering · Economics · Digital services
A fixed processing charge can dominate a small payment. Published research examines how value-based and byte-based fee designs change the threshold, with service costs and test conditions kept explicit.
Read the articleInnovation · Psychology · Evidence
A genuine demonstration can leave its advertised process unresolved. The research distinguishes usable reasons for judgment from liking, belief and the need for further evidence.
Read the articleMathematics · AI · Engineering assurance
A rewrite can preserve every feasible action and physical cost while changing an AI system’s probabilities or learning objective. The research identifies the additional conditions needed at that interface.
Read the articleEconomics · Computing · Institutional incentives
Unspent rewards, specialised equipment and future income connect a present choice to an ongoing business. Published research examines the implications for economic models of proof-of-work security.
Read the articleGovernance · Forensic accounting · Control design
Individually compliant payment approvals can concentrate access across the file. Research measures the full exposure curve and identifies eligible repairs, including the trade-offs they create.
Read the articleDigital Scarcity · Property · Institutions
A title can name a specific capability without claiming every copy of the information involved. The research examines the object, notice and evidenced divestment required for a meaningful transfer.
Read the articleDigital Scarcity · Economics · Security
A credible transfer gives the recipient control and makes the sender’s rival control non-viable. Research prices that promise through accountability, detection, containment and residual liability.
Read the articleGovernance · Economics · Digital infrastructure
Open admission and rule-changing authority are different questions. Published research examines how blockchain governance shapes the commitments made by people who invest in a network.
Read the articleSupply chains · Contracts · Resilience
A right can have zero standalone value and become essential when another right changes the worst disruption. LNG procurement research supplies an auditable test for evaluating backup portfolios.
Read the articleSupply chains · Product design · Capacity
Fewer physical drives can carry approximately the same total storage. Research on the hard-drive supply chain shows why capacity depends on the customer’s unit of commitment and how scarce components scale with design.
Read the articleSupply chains · Energy · Procurement
An operating decision can change which cargoes a buyer can receive. A research-stage study connects inventory, unloading and commercial rights to the alternatives available in emergency LNG procurement.
Read the articleOperations · AI · Contract design
After fallback protects the customer, unfinished computation can produce evidence for later service. The research examines how to buy that evidence while preserving incentives.
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